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MAIA: Multi-Agent Intent Articulation for Requirement Discovery in Art Commissions
Yu-Chao Wang, Yanhong Lu, Yingjie Victor Chen, Tim McGraw
Intelligence
Status: succeeded | Model: Gemma-4-26B-A4B | Prompt: intel-v1 | Confidence: 91%
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Summary
The paper introduces MAIA (Multi-Agent Intent Articulation), a multi-agent system designed to resolve the 'articulation bottleneck' in bespoke art commissions where laypeople struggle to translate vague emotional intent into concrete visual requirements. MAIA employs a 'Verification over Invention' rule and Socratic inquiry to scaffold requirement discovery, converting user proto-ideas into verified, text-only briefs. A within-subjects study (N=16) demonstrated that MAIA significantly improves Cognitive Support compared to a baseline LLM. Additionally, a blind review by professional concept artists indicated that briefs generated by MAIA had higher visual completeness and executability.
Entities (13)
Relation Signals (11)
MAIA â addresses â Articulation Bottleneck
confidence 95% · We present MAIA... a multi-agent system that scaffolds this stage [articulation bottleneck] through Socratic inquiry
MAIA â improves â Cognitive Support
confidence 95% · the full configuration produced a large, significant gain in Cognitive Support over a minimal baseline
MAIA â usesrule â Verification over Invention
confidence 95% · MAIA... under a 'Verification over Invention' rule, turning vague affect into a text-only brief
MAIA â implements â Brief Synthesizer
confidence 90% · A Brief Synthesizer renders a fully validated state into a cohesive art-directorâs mandate.
MAIA â implements â Response Validator
confidence 90% · A Response Validator then independently audits that handoff
MAIA â implements â Maieutic Coordinator
confidence 90% · The Maieutic Coordinator is the systemâs sole user-facing agent
MAIA â implements â Intent Diagnostician
confidence 90% · An Intent Diagnostician maps each affective descriptor to candidate visual codes
MAIA â improves â Visual Specification Completeness
confidence 90% · AI rewriting improved visual completeness and executability in all eight sampled tasks
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Abstract
Abstract:In bespoke art commissions, laypeople know what they feel but lack the words to specify it: one participant wanted a laid-off truck driver depicted as "a ghost in his own machine" but left the medium, scale, and palette unsaid. We frame this as an articulation bottleneck at an under-served upstream stage: requirement discovery, which precedes any artist or image generator and forces the commissioner to constitute intent in the first place. We present MAIA (Multi-Agent Intent Articulation), a multi-agent system that scaffolds this stage through Socratic inquiry under a "Verification over Invention" rule, turning vague affect into a text-only brief of visual terms the user verifies. In a within-subjects study (N = 16), the full configuration produced a large, significant gain in Cognitive Support over a minimal baseline (r = 0.96, p_FDR = 0.015; LMM p_FDR < 0.001). Thematic analysis traces the same mechanism, and a validator gate structurally blocks unratified content. A complementary blind review by three professional concept artists on a sampled set of briefs corroborates this improvement from the artist's side: AI rewriting improved visual completeness and executability in all eight sampled tasks (task-level Wilcoxon p = 0.008; FDR q = 0.010), with directionally larger gains under MAIA than under the baseline (underpowered, d = 1.4-2.6).
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- Source: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.12097v1
- Canonical: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.12097v1
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MAIA: Multi-Agent Intent Articulation for Requirement Discovery in Art Commissions Yu-Chao Wang, Yanhong Lu, Yingjie Victor Chen, and Tim McGraw Affiliation: School of Applied and Creative Computing Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana, USA wang3368, lu699, chen489, tmcgraw@purdue.edu Abstract In bespoke art commissions, laypeople know what they feel but lack the words to specify it: one participant wanted a laid-off truck driver depicted as âa ghost in his own machineâ but left the medium, scale, and palette unsaid. We frame this as an articulation bottleneck at an under-served upstream stage: requirement discovery, which precedes any artist or image generator and forces the commissioner to constitute intent in the first place. We present MAIA (Multi-Agent Intent Articulation), a multi-agent system that scaffolds this stage through Socratic inquiry under a âVerification over Inventionâ rule, turning vague affect into a text-only brief of visual terms the user verifies. In a within-subjects study (N=16N=16), the full configuration produced a large, significant gain in Cognitive Support over a minimal baseline (r=0.96r=0.96, pFDR=0.015p_FDR=0.015; LMM pFDR<0.001p_FDR<0.001). Thematic analysis traces the same mechanism, and a validator gate structurally blocks unratified content. A complementary blind review by three professional concept artists on a sampled set of briefs corroborates this improvement from the artistâs side: AI rewriting improved visual completeness and executability in all eight sampled tasks (task-level Wilcoxon p=0.008p=0.008; FDR q=0.010q=0.010), with directionally larger gains under MAIA than under the baseline (underpowered, d=1.4d=1.4â2.62.6). Index Terms: AI-mediated communication, Digital art, Human computer interaction, Multi-agent systems Accepted to IEEE AIxHEART 2026. © 2026 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. I Introduction A commission is decided before the artist is hired: laypeople arrive with proto-ideas but lack the domain terminology to express them [1], so they either omit the visual parameters that matter or bury them in emotional prose, and the artist is left to reconstruct what was meant. We call this failure an articulation bottleneck: the gap between a felt proto-idea and an actionable visual code. This bottleneck sits at a stage prior work has largely bypassed: requirement discovery, the upstream transition from an ambiguous impulse to a concrete concept [2]. Generative-AI tools have expanded how laypeople explore visual concepts [3, 4, 5], and AI-Mediated Communication (AI-MC) [6] has polished how messages land. Yet both assume the intent behind a request already exists and is stable. In a commission it does not: the userâs task is to constitute that intent in the first place, and a system that treats half-formed affect as a finished vision papers over the gaps with hallucination. To bridge this gap we introduce MAIA (Multi-Agent Intent Articulation), a multi-agent active co-articulator. Through iterative Socratic inquiry it turns low-context impulses into concrete visual terms the user can verify, giving commissioner and artist a shared reference. MAIA operates upstream and text-only (Fig. 1): exposing laypeople to high-fidelity, AI-hallucinated imagery too early risks overwriting the latent intent the brief is meant to surface. Its guiding rule, âVerification over Invention,â requires that any visual element the AI proposes that the user did not supply be ratified before entering the brief. Fig. 1: The commissionerâMAIAâartist pipeline (stage â evaluated in this study). (â ) Maieutic Scaffolding Dialogue (upstream, text-only): Socratic inquiry turns the commissionerâs proto-ideas into a structured text-only brief, with every AI-proposed visual element ratified under âVerification over Invention.â (âĄ) Commission Negotiation Dialogue (downstream): the validated brief reaches a professional artist, who clarifies commercial terms and produces the artwork. The pipeline is text-only: MiniMax M2.5 neither generates nor reads images. We contribute: 1. A conceptual framing of the expertâlayperson gap as an articulation bottleneck at a distinct upstream stage, requirement discovery, where intent must be constituted rather than optimized. 2. A multi-agent mechanism, MAIA, that operationalizes this through Socratic inquiry under âVerification over Invention,â with a validator gate and a four-state epistemic tag that make the systemâs commitments inspectable. 3. Initial evidence (N=16N=16) that this scaffolding substantially improves Cognitive Support during requirement discovery: the gain holds across both statistical tests and the qualitative findings, with the validator gate structurally blocking unratified content. An exploratory artist-side blind review (three professional concept artists, sampled briefs) adds initial evidence that the AI-rewritten briefs are more executable. I Related Work Prior work spans expertâlayperson communication, generative AI in design, and AI-mediated communication; we trace these threads to locate the under-served stage upstream, in requirement discovery. I-A Expert-Layperson Communication Digital art commissions are transient, low-context engagements between laypeople and professionals separated by a wide cross-domain knowledge gap [7], where conveying underlying context matters more than merely transmitting information [8]. This friction is rooted in the expertâlayperson contextual lexicon gap. Artists hold a high-context lexicon yet suffer the âCurse of Knowledge,â assuming clients share their internal visualization of technical terms [9, 10]. Laypeople, conversely, operate in an anomalous state of knowledge (ASK) [1], with strong affective intent but no terminology to articulate it, and unreliable reporters of their own knowledge gaps, which hierarchy discourages them from clarifying [7, 11]. To compensate, laypeople fall back on verbosity, packing far more structure into a message than an expert formulation would [10]. Prior work treats this as information overload to be pared down [12, 13], but doing so mischaracterizes the creative process: these verbose narratives are valuable, if untailored, proto-ideas. The friction is therefore an articulation bottleneck: proto-ideas fail to become actionable codes. Resolving it means turning affect into concrete technical requirements while leaving room for constructive ambiguity. The system should fix the visual anchors that matter without forcing arbitrary choices the user never made, so the brief stays open to the artistâs judgment, much as a good architect fixes the budget and site constraints but leaves the buildingâs form to the designer. I-B Generative AI in Design Existing generative-AI work in design concentrates on downstream artifact production and workflow efficiency [5, 14, 15], leaving underexplored requirement discovery, the upstream transition from ambiguous impulses to concrete concepts [2]. This overlooks the laypersonâs articulation bottleneck. Experts suffer design fixation [16] but can still traverse the problem space; a layperson often cannot get started at all, which is why a static brief form that assumes a complete specification does not help them. Text-to-image generation does not resolve this either: exposing laypeople to AI-hallucinated imagery risks overwriting latent intent [17], a visual fixation analogous to design fixation. An AI mediator fits this stage better than an early conversation with the artist would. It lowers the social cost of voicing half-formed ideas [18] and keeps the iteration loop fast [19]; it also keeps the artist out of the loop early on, so the artist is not anchored by an ambiguous first brief [20]. Existing scaffolding tools do not quite fill this role. CausalMapper [21] leans toward formal causal reasoning, whereas the Ideation Compass [22] stays close to open-ended reflection; neither negotiates between artistic freedom and the technical constraints a commission requires. I-C AI-MC in Creative Workflows AI-MC, defined by Hancock, Naaman, and Levy as interpersonal communication in which an AI modifies, augments, or generates text [6], has become a measurable research program, largely within the same group. In a referential task, Mieczkowski et al. found smart replies made messages more positive without senders absorbing that tone, while partners rated smart-reply users as less socially attractive [23]; a follow-up traces how such effects redistribute agency and communicative roles [24]. Meng et al. add that in emotional support, blind raters judged messages most authentic under an AI-guided mode, where the writer takes the AIâs direction and then drafts personally, because personal experience stayed in the text [25]. The premise is that the sender already knows what to say. A commission breaks this: composing the message is itself how one figures out what to say, so a translator that treats half-formed affect as complete hallucinates the missing detail and drifts to the modelâs defaults, leaving commissioner and artist with the illusion of mutual understanding. Creative workflows therefore move from passive message optimization to active epistemic co-articulation, centered on maieutic inquiry: probing latent intent via Socratic questioning [26]. This is distinct from âmaieutic promptingâ [27], a model-side recursive self-consistency technique. We operationalize this as three design goals in Section I, recasting common ground as a short list of fixed technical requirements with interpretive room for the artist. A further gap is dyadic: most prior work studies the creatorâs or generatorâs side, whereas the commissionerâartist pair, and the upstream moment before they ever speak, has received little attention and almost none from the artistâs perspective. Our study addresses the commissionerâs side of this pair and complements it with an exploratory blind review in which professional concept artists rate the executability of the resulting briefs (Section IV-C). I System Design Based on the epistemic gaps identified in Section I, we propose MAIA, a multi-agent epistemic scaffolding system that helps the user traverse the problem space, so that user and artist reach a shared understanding of the brief. We implemented MAIA on OpenCode (OpenCode Desktop v1.1.60; all agents use MiniMax M2.5 at temperature t=0.2t=0.2) as one user-facing coordinator that dispatches to specialized sub-agents. We adopt this harness so role separation is enforced by the architecture itself. I-A Design Goals To operationalize the role of the AI as a co-articulator, we established three design goals: I-A1 DG1: Fostering Crystallization The first goal is to turn vague intent into the kind of specificity an artist can work from. We do not want a mechanical translation that swaps lay words for jargon, because that loses what the user actually meant. Instead the system connects a low-context phrase to the visual code behind it, so the artist spends less effort decoding the brief while the user keeps control of what it means. I-A2 DG2: Epistemic Scaffolding via Maieutic Inquiry Because a laypersonâs first input rarely traverses the full problem space, the system does not wait for a complete specification. Drawing on the Socratic method, it offers either/or choices, so that vague impulses become explicit decisions before the brief reaches the artist, much as a human expert walks a client out of their initial assumptions [28]. Bounded options are a deliberate choice. Unrestricted freedom is itself a barrier for a novice who does not know where to begin; constraints make it easier to start [29]. People also discover what they want by reacting to alternatives, since generating a preference from a blank slate is hard [30]; options let a commissioner evaluate a proposal far faster than produce one from scratch. To keep this scaffolding from becoming a straitjacket, every question always offers an âOtherâ escape that lets the user type a free-form answer, preserving their authorship over anything the system failed to anticipate. I-A3 DG3: Intent Stewardship through Verification To mitigate the âsemantic driftâ of unconstrained large language model (LLM) generation, the system adheres to âVerification over Inventionâ: any visual element the AI proposes that is not explicitly present in the userâs input is treated as a tentative hypothesis and must be ratified by the user before inclusion. I-B System Architecture A standard chat agent runs everything through one monolithic prompt that mixes analysis, checking, and synthesis together. MAIA instead splits these jobs apart, giving each to a dedicated agent with its own instructions, permissions, and knowledge. The interaction is no longer a one-shot command: the system alternates between diagnosing what the user means and scaffolding the next question, with the epistemic state written down at each step. A persistent knowledge base (a per-turn working file plus an append-only archive) carries this state and the operating principles across turns. I-B1 Coordinator and Specialized Roles The Maieutic Coordinator is the systemâs sole user-facing agent, and it is forbidden to reason about visual content on its own: on every turn it must delegate analysis to specialized sub-agents before it may reply. These roles separate concerns that a monolithic chat agent would conflate. An Intent Diagnostician maps each affective descriptor to candidate visual codes and supplies a lay Just-in-Time (JIT) definition for any technical term it introduces, returning only a compressed handoff (Fig. 2). A Response Validator then independently audits that handoff and returns only Approved or Revision-Needed; it never authors user-facing content. A Brief Synthesizer renders a fully validated state into a cohesive art-directorâs mandate. This separation is what lets the validator gate be structurally independent of the generation it audits. I-B2 State Object and Four-State Epistemic Tagging The mechanism that operationalizes both DG3 and constructive ambiguity is a shared State Object tracking eight dimensions: five visual (Subject Definition, Composition, Lighting, Color Palette, Artistic Style) and three logistical (Usage/Purpose, Dimensions/Format, Deliverable Specs). Each dimension is continuously tagged with one of four epistemic states: Unaddressed (no information yet), Inferred (an AI hypothesis that must be ratified before use), Explicit (stated or confirmed by the user), or Discretion (deferred to the artist). This tagging makes the systemâs epistemic commitments inspectable: an Inferred tag is by construction a hypothesis, and a Discretion tag is protected from re-interrogation. I-B3 The Maieutic Turn: A Four-Step Pipeline Every user turn executes a serial four-step pipeline (Fig. 2); out-of-order or parallel invocation triggers a rollback. (1) Log & Distill: the coordinator records the userâs raw input and a distilled intent. (2) Diagnose: the coordinator invokes the Intent Diagnostician, which runs a chain-of-thought (CoT) analysis, appends it to the shared log, and returns a compressed handoff. (3) Validate: the coordinator forwards the handoff to the Response Validator, which returns Approved or Revision-Needed; the coordinator may not proceed until Approved. (4) Respond: the coordinator blends creative inquiry with logistics, updates the State Object, and renders every open question as a multiple-choice prompt (at least five annotated options, at most two substantive questions per turn to bound cognitive load). User message 1. Log & Distill Coordinator 2. Diagnose @intent-diagnostician CoT: Extract-Map, Diagnose, Hypothesize+JIT, Strategize 3. Validate @response-validator 4. Respond multiple-choice (â„ 5 options, †2 Qs) update State Object Reply to user APPROVEDREVISION Fig. 2: The serial per-turn pipeline: the coordinator cannot reply until the validator returns Approved, and a Revision-Needed verdict loops back to re-diagnosis; the final brief is re-audited under a stricter regime. I-B4 Convergence and Brief Finalization A commission reaches Semantic Saturation when all five visual dimensions are tagged Explicit or Discretion, leaving no Unaddressed or unresolved Inferred items. The Brief Synthesizer then drafts the brief, which the validator re-audits under a stricter regime (zero Inferred items) before delivery. IV Methodology IV-A Participants and Design We recruited N=16N=16 laypeople (Age M=23.81M=23.81, SD=2.81SD=2.81) without formal visual arts training, to preserve ecological validity for ASK in artistic articulation; the study was IRB-approved. We employed a 2Ă2 within-subjects design crossing System Condition (Baseline LLM vs. Maieutic Scaffolding) with Scenario Type (Narrative-Affective vs. Commercial-Promotional), with condition order counterbalanced via a balanced Latin square. Each participant encountered each system and scenario exactly once, in opposite pairings, so the System and Scenario main effects are within-subject while the SystemĂScenario interaction is carried between subjects. Both conditions used the same OpenCode Desktop and the text-only MiniMax M2.5 model, with identical agent harness settings. The Baseline was OpenCodeâs default single-agent chat, instructed to help refine the brief, whereas the Maieutic condition added the full multi-agent architecture of Section I. IV-B Stimuli and Procedure We designed two textual stimuli lacking explicit visual directives: a Narrative-Affective task (a book illustration for a character facing an existential crisis) and a Commercial-Promotional task (club callout art with specified mascot traits); the AI was blind to the task it served. In each block, participants first drafted an initial brief (BbaseB_base), produced a final brief (BfinalB_final) with their assigned system, and completed post-task evaluations. A 5-minute distractor task and demographic survey served as washout before the second block. IV-C Artist-Side Blind Review (Exploratory) To examine the artistâs side of the commissionerâartist pair, we recruited three professional concept artists for an exploratory blind review under the studyâs IRB approval. Rating all 32 study tasks was cost-prohibitive (the task took each artist an estimated total of over 45 minutes), so we sampled the briefs of participants P01âP04: 8 tasks (4 Narrative, 4 Commercial), 16 briefs total, with 4 tasks under each system condition; all three artists rated the same 16 briefs (48 ratings, fully crossed). On 7-point scales they rated five Visual Specification Completeness (VSC) sub-dimensions (lighting, composition, color palette, artistic style, subject definition), executability (whether the brief could be executed without further clarification), artist autonomy, and brief professionalism. We report inter-rater reliability (ICC), aggregate ratings across raters, and use task-level paired tests (n=8n=8) as primary, with the condition comparison (n=4n=4 per condition) treated as exploratory; all p-values are two-sided and FDR-corrected. IV-D Measures and Analytical Approach Measures. Participants evaluated each interaction on 7-point Likert scales. Validated instruments included the Single Ease Question (SEQ) [31] for task difficulty, an adapted Psychological Ownership Questionnaire (POQ) [32], and selected Creativity Support Index (CSI) sub-scales [33]; we added custom metrics for Partnership, Cognitive Support, and confidence change (post-task minus baseline; âConf. Î â in Table I), and self-reports of Creative Agency and Semantic Alignment. All constructs appear in Table I; Cognitive Support and Partnership were the focal outcomes. Analysis. Given ordinal data and non-normality (Shapiro-Wilk p<0.05p<0.05), paired differences were tested with the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test (rank-biserial r for effect size), with all p-values BenjaminiâHochberg-corrected for the false discovery rate (FDR) and scale reliability checked via Cronbachâs α. To corroborate these results, we fit linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) with System Condition, Scenario Type, and their interaction as fixed effects, Block (order) as a covariate, and a participant-level random intercept, estimating the marginal System main effect (averaged across scenarios) and the System Ă Scenario interaction. V Results V-A Quantitative Analysis Fig. 3: User ratings per construct, Baseline vs. Maieutic; error bars: 95% CIs; asterisks: pFDR<0.05p_FDR<0.05. TABLE I: Effect-size and significance results across all constructs (N=16N=16); means and 95% CIs in Fig. 3. Construct r pWilFDRp_Wil^FDR ÎČSys _Sys pLMMFDRp_LMM^FDR Cog. Support 0.962 0.015* 1.69 <0.001<\!0.001* Partnership 0.752 0.064 0.98 0.012* Creative Agency 0.371 0.523 0.58 0.171 Sem. Alignment 0.324 0.539 0.38 0.424 CSI 0.619 0.131 0.71 0.098 Psych. Ownership 0.076 0.826 0.15 0.659 SEQ â0.250-0.250 0.720 â0.13-0.13 0.659 Conf. Î 0.154 0.720 0.19 0.659 r: rank-biserial effect size; ÎČSys _Sys: marginal System effect from the LMM. CSI: Creativity Support Index; SEQ: Single Ease Question. *: pFDR<0.05p_FDR<0.05 (BenjaminiâHochberg); bold: focal effect or significant after FDR. V-A1 System Main Effects Our focal outcome, Cognitive Support, improved significantly under the Maieutic condition (Fig. 3, Table I), an effect that holds across two independent tests (Wilcoxon pFDR=0.015p_FDR=0.015, r=0.96r=0.96; LMM ÎČSys=1.69 _Sys=1.69, pFDR<0.001p_FDR<0.001, marginal R2=0.40R^2=0.40; residuals normal, Shapiro p=0.07p=0.07). Designated a priori as a focal measure with a reliable scale in both conditions (Section V-A3), this is not a post-hoc fishing result and is corroborated qualitatively (Section V-B). Partnership trended the same way (r=0.75r=0.75) but did not survive correction under our primary (Wilcoxon) test (pFDR=0.064p_FDR=0.064), reaching significance only under the LMM (pFDR=0.012p_FDR=0.012); we treat it as suggestive given its low Baseline reliability (Section V-A3). Creativity Support (CSI) trended upward (ÎČ=0.71ÎČ=0.71, pLMMFDR=0.098p_LMM^FDR=0.098) but did not survive correction. V-A2 Scenario Effects and Interaction The LMMs isolated no Scenario main effects (all p>0.10p>0.10). A SystemĂScenario interaction trended for Cognitive Support (uncorrected p=0.030p=0.030) but did not survive correction; because the interaction is carried entirely between subjects (cell n=8n=8), it is under-powered. We therefore read its decomposition, a larger Maieutic advantage in the Narrative-Affective (Î=+2.67 =+2.67) than the Commercial-Promotional (Î=+0.71 =+0.71), only as hypothesis-generating, though directionally consistent with scaffolding helping most where ASK is acute. A Block (order) effect appeared for Partnership (uncorrected p=0.047p=0.047). V-A3 Robustness: Covariates, Scale Reliability, and Construct Validity Baseline user traits (AI Literacy, Domain Uncertainty, prior commission experience) did not predict per-participant improvement (Spearman, all pFDR>0.14p_FDR>0.14), so the benefit is not demographically biased, though its magnitude is scenario-sensitive. Scale reliability supported the focal measure (Cognitive Support α=0.78/0.82α=0.78/0.82; Ownership 0.88/0.790.88/0.79; Semantic Alignment 0.75/0.680.75/0.68), though Partnership (0.42/0.660.42/0.66), CSI (0.39/0.700.39/0.70), and Creative Agency (Baseline 0.620.62) were less reliable, leaving their comparisons under-powered. An exploratory factor analysis (stacked Task 1+2, N=32N=32; KMO =0.78=0.78, Bartlett p<.001p<.001) confirmed this: the three Cognitive Support items loaded cleanly on one factor (0.690.69â0.910.91), supporting discriminant validity, whereas Creative Agency and Partnership co-loaded and did not separate. V-A4 Artist-Side Evaluation (Exploratory) Table I summarizes the artist-side results at task level. AI rewriting improved all three reliable dimensions in all eight sampled tasks (rank-biserial r=1.0r=1.0; task-level Wilcoxon p=0.008p=0.008; FDR q=0.010q=0.010). Gains were directionally larger under MAIA than under Baseline on all three (d=1.4d=1.4â2.62.6), but with only four tasks per condition only professionalism reached two-sided significance (MannâWhitney p=0.042p=0.042) and nothing survived FDR; we read these as directional evidence. Artist autonomy did not change and its scale was unreliable in the final briefs (α=â0.86α=-0.86; negative ICC), so we draw no conclusion from it. TABLE I: Artist-side blind review at task level (means over the three raters; condition comparison n=4n=4 per condition). BbaseâBfinalB_baseâ B_final (n=8n=8) MAIA vs. Baseline Î dzd_z p q ÎM _M ÎB _B d VSC +2.76+2.76 2.27 0.008 0.010 +3.65+3.65 +1.87+1.87 2.19 Executability +2.49+2.49 2.05 0.008 0.010 +3.19+3.19 +1.78+1.78 1.38 Professionalism +2.54+2.54 1.89 0.008 0.010 +3.58+3.58 +1.50+1.50 2.56 Autonomyâ +0.15+0.15 0.23 0.633 0.633 +0.44+0.44 â0.14-0.14 0.93 p, q: task-level Wilcoxon p and FDR-corrected q; ÎM _M/ÎB _B: mean gain under Maieutic/Baseline; dzd_z, d: matched and independent Cohenâs d. â Autonomy scale unreliable in BfinalB_final (α=â0.86α=-0.86, negative ICC) V-B Qualitative Analysis To contextualize these findings, we thematically analyzed open-ended feedback (quotes lightly edited for typographical errors), which traces the mechanisms behind the quantitative effects and surfaces two tensions. V-B1 Cognitive Scaffolding and Drift Control Participants experienced the Maieutic condition as instructive, supporting DG1âDG3. Its bounded either/or prompts (DG2) are why it felt more like being taught than served: âIt felt like the first system was teaching me how to write a commission rather than just doing it for me,â and participants valued DG1âs âprofessional suggestionsâ. The baselineâs unconstrained generation was felt as semantic drift (âit would just generate a bunch of random stuffâ), whereas the Maieutic checks made the brief âmuch more complete and thorough.â V-B2 Why Ownership Did Not Shift Feedback explains the Ownership null (see Discussion): in a transactional commission the brief is a means to the artifact: âI do not care if it is âmineâ or not because I only care about the final result.â V-B3 Tensions: De-visualization and Latency Finally, two tensions emerged. First, despite our deliberate text-only design, users conditioned by text-to-image tools craved visuals: âonly text?â; âshowing the final image output might be more helpful.â Second, the heavy CoT pipeline added latency (âlong waiting timeâ), and some wished to inject details directly, skipping the structured prompts. VI Discussion VI-A Interpreting the Findings Across both analytical methods, the full MAIA configuration produced a large, convergent gain in our focal outcome, Cognitive Support (Section V-A). The central inference is that ârequirement discoveryâ is a distinct, scaffoldable upstream stage. The mechanism is legible in the qualitative data: participants described the system surfacing dimensions they had not realized were missing (âthe first system mentioned and clarified the actual medium and sizeâŠthis was not a consideration I hadâ), the traversal of the problem space that laypeople cannot perform alone. This returns to our reading of AI-MC, which assumes a stable intent and optimizes its expression: art commissions instead demand that the intent be constituted, and our results indicate active epistemic co-articulation serves this function. Two low quantitative results fit this reading. Semantic Alignment did not improve and was low in absolute terms (Baseline 2.562.56, Maieutic 2.942.94 on a 7-point scale), and confidence dropped in both conditions from roughly 4.14.1 to about 3.03.0 after the task. These need not signal failed fidelity. As an interpretive reading, we propose that the scaffolding makes the userâs ASK visible: once the problem space is traversed, users recognize how much they had left unspecified, lowering both perceived alignment and confidence. We cannot rule out alternative explanations with these data (for instance, that the briefs are lower-fidelity). But fidelity and drift control are also enforced structurally by the validator gate (DG3), which blocks any unratified Inferred content, and corroborated qualitatively (âmuch more complete and thoroughâ); they do not rest on the self-report item alone. We therefore frame our contribution as a structural mechanism for semantic-drift control (the validator gate): across the 14 Maieutic sessions with retained logs, the gate returned Revision-Needed in 4 sessions (29%), catching each drift mode the architecture targets (unratified inferences, affective descriptors inflated into visual codes, over-specified Discretion dimensions, and missing JIT definitions). Because the Baseline has no validator by design, drift reduction was not measured as a between-condition outcome; an exploratory artist-side blind review (Section V-A4) provides initial fidelity evidence instead. We also note that absolute Cognitive Support remained below the scale midpoint even under Maieutic (M=3.67M=3.67 of 7): the result is a relative improvement over a weak baseline; it does not establish high absolute quality, but our artist-side review provides initial, small-scale evidence toward closing that gap. The remaining nulls admit honest readings. Psychological Ownership did not shift because, in transactional commissions, the brief is only a means to the artifact; as one participant put it, ownership is irrelevant when âI only care about the final resultâ (Section V-B). Creativity Support (CSI) trended upward (ÎČ=0.71ÎČ=0.71, LMM pFDR=0.098p_FDR=0.098; uncorrected Wilcoxon p=0.044p=0.044), directionally consistent with Cognitive Support but under-powered at N=16N=16. The Creative Agency and Semantic Alignment nulls likewise reflect uncertainty: with a small sample and borderline Baseline reliability for Agency (α=0.62α=0.62), we cannot claim absence of effect. VI-B Design Implications Our de-visualization strategy surfaced a tension between epistemic safety and user expectations. Conditioned by text-to-image tools, lay users craved immediate visuals (âonly text?â), yet yielding would risk overwriting latent intent with hallucinated imagery, the visual-fixation risk we ground in mental-imagery research [17], which we term Premature Example Fixation when triggered by AI-generated examples. We therefore propose Phase-Gated Generation: systems should gate visual outputs until textual Semantic Saturation is reached, so images stay supplementary. This mirrors how professional designers use abstraction to loosen a clientâs premature outcome fixation before production [28]. An open question is whether such a system should surface artistsâ reservations about AI-generated reference material before offering it, letting the agent broker a more respectful exchange. A second implication is methodological. The book-illustration task behaved like the commercial task: both registered as transactional, and Psychological Ownership did not shift, because the simulated, unpaid commission made participants engage the brief more casually than artwork âfor which I am paying.â Deep emotional projection onto an original character is hard to induce in a constrained lab with convenience-sampled participants, so the larger narrative-task gain (an uncorrected interaction) is only hypothesis-generating. Testing this affective-rich pole will require recruiting, from commission platforms or social media, participants seeking to commission their own established characters. VI-C Limitations and Future Work Several boundaries qualify these results. First, our artist-side evidence is exploratory: three raters evaluated 16 briefs from 4 of the 16 participants, inter-rater agreement was low (as expected with three raters), and the condition comparison had only four tasks per arm. The task-level improvement in brief executability and VSC is robust across all eight sampled tasks, but a full-scale, pre-registered blind review with more artists remains the most important next step. Second, our comparison sets the full configuration against a minimal baseline: the first question for a previously unstudied stage is whether scaffolding helps at all, and the gain could reflect structured process in general rather than maieutic inquiry per se. We therefore frame all claims in terms of the full configuration and leave isolating the sub-agent architecture from the inquiry strategy to follow-up work with intermediate control conditions. Third, the small sample (N=16N=16) leaves the non-focal nulls and the CSI/Partnership trends under-powered, and the SystemĂScenario interaction did not survive correction. Fourth, all results use a single model (MiniMax M2.5), so cross-model transfer remains open; within that model, the validator also shares the generatorâs underlying weights, so full validator independence would require a second model. The CoT pipeline added latency future work must optimize. VII Conclusion We traced the commissionerâs problem to an articulation bottleneck at requirement discovery: the upstream stage where a layperson knows what they feel but must still constitute that intent rather than optimize it. MAIA scaffolds this stage through multi-agent Socratic inquiry under a âVerification over Inventionâ rule. 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